Extending Tests of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to Structured Populations. Author Wei Hao, John Storey Publication Year 2019 Type Journal Article Abstract Testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is an important component in almost all analyses of population genetic data. Genetic markers that violate HWE are often treated as special cases; for example, they may be flagged as possible genotyping errors, or they may be investigated more closely for evolutionary signatures of interest. The presence of population structure is one reason why genetic markers may fail a test of HWE. This is problematic because almost all natural populations studied in the modern setting show some degree of structure. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect deviations from HWE for reasons other than structure. To this end, we extend statistical tests of HWE to allow for population structure, which we call a test of "structural HWE." Additionally, our new test allows one to automatically choose tuning parameters and identify accurate models of structure. We demonstrate our approach on several important studies, provide theoretical justification for the test, and present empirical evidence for its utility. We anticipate the proposed test will be useful in a broad range of analyses of genome-wide population genetic data. Keywords Humans, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Linkage Disequilibrium, Genotyping Techniques, Reference Standards, Population Journal Genetics Volume 213 Issue 3 Pages 759-770 Date Published 2019 Nov ISSN Number 1943-2631 DOI 10.1534/genetics.119.302370 Alternate Journal Genetics PMCID PMC6827367 PMID 31537622 PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle ScholarBibTeXEndNote X3 XML