Circulating metabolite homeostasis achieved through mass action. Author Xiaoxuan Li, Sheng Hui, Emily Mirek, William Jonsson, Tracy Anthony, Won Lee, Xianfeng Zeng, Cholsoon Jang, Joshua Rabinowitz Publication Year 2022 Type Journal Article Abstract Homeostasis maintains serum metabolites within physiological ranges. For glucose, this requires insulin, which suppresses glucose production while accelerating its consumption. For other circulating metabolites, a comparable master regulator has yet to be discovered. Here we show that, in mice, many circulating metabolites are cleared via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle in linear proportionality to their circulating concentration. Abundant circulating metabolites (essential amino acids, serine, alanine, citrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate) were administered intravenously in perturbative amounts and their fluxes were measured using isotope labelling. The increased circulating concentrations induced by the perturbative infusions hardly altered production fluxes while linearly enhancing consumption fluxes and TCA contributions. The same mass action relationship between concentration and consumption flux largely held across feeding, fasting and high- and low-protein diets, with amino acid homeostasis during fasting further supported by enhanced endogenous protein catabolism. Thus, despite the copious regulatory machinery in mammals, circulating metabolite homeostasis is achieved substantially through mass action-driven oxidation. Keywords Animals, Mice, Models, Biological, Homeostasis, Glucose, Citric Acid Cycle, Male, Algorithms, Energy Metabolism, Mice, Knockout, Oxidation-Reduction, Metabolomics, Biomarkers, Amino Acids, Metabolome Journal Nat Metab Volume 4 Issue 1 Pages 141-152 Date Published 2022 Jan ISSN Number 2522-5812 DOI 10.1038/s42255-021-00517-1 Alternate Journal Nat Metab PMCID PMC9244777 PMID 35058631 PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle ScholarBibTeXEndNote X3 XML