AGSE: A Novel Grape Seed Extract Enriched for PP2A Activating Flavonoids That Combats Oxidative Stress and Promotes Skin Health. Author Kristen Huber, José Fernández, Corey Webb, Karl Rouzard, Jason Healy, Masanori Tamura, Jeffry Stock, Maxwell Stock, Eduardo Pérez Publication Year 2021 Type Journal Article Abstract Environmental stimuli attack the skin daily resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. One pathway that regulates oxidative stress in skin involves Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase which has been previously linked to Alzheimer's Disease and aging. Oxidative stress decreases PP2A methylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Thus, we hypothesize agents that increase PP2A methylation and activity will promote skin health and combat aging. To discover novel inhibitors of PP2A demethylation activity, we screened a library of 32 natural botanical extracts. We discovered Grape Seed Extract (GSE), which has previously been reported to have several benefits for skin, to be the most potent PP2A demethylating extract. Via several fractionation and extraction steps we developed a novel grape seed extract called Activated Grape Seed Extract (AGSE), which is enriched for PP2A activating flavonoids that increase potency in preventing PP2A demethylation when compared to commercial GSE. We then determined that 1% AGSE and 1% commercial GSE exhibit distinct gene expression profiles when topically applied to a 3D human skin model. To begin to characterize AGSE's activity, we investigated its antioxidant potential and demonstrate it reduces ROS levels in NHDFs and cell-free assays equal to or better than Vitamin C and E. Moreover, AGSE shows anti-inflammatory properties, dose-dependently inhibiting UVA, UVB and chemical-induced inflammation. These results demonstrate AGSE is a novel, multi-functional extract that modulates methylation levels of PP2A and supports the hypothesis of PP2A as a master regulator for oxidative stress signaling and aging in skin. Keywords Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Protein Phosphatase 2, Fibroblasts, Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, Skin, Flavonoids, Chemical Fractionation, Antioxidants, Demethylation, Grape Seed Extract Journal Molecules Volume 26 Issue 21 Date Published 2021 Oct 20 ISSN Number 1420-3049 DOI 10.3390/molecules26216351 Alternate Journal Molecules PMCID PMC8587015 PMID 34770760 PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle ScholarBibTeXEndNote X3 XML