@article{4277,
  keywords = {Animals, Mice, Female, Male, Proteomics, Gonads, Sex Characteristics, Sex Chromosomes, Genes, X-Linked},
  author = {Wei Shi and Xinlei Sheng and Kerry Dorr and Josiah Hutton and James Emerson and Haley Davies and Tia Andrade and Lauren Wasson and Todd Greco and Yutaka Hashimoto and Joel Federspiel and Zachary Robbe and Xuqi Chen and Arthur Arnold and Ileana Cristea and Frank Conlon},
  title = {Cardiac proteomics reveals sex chromosome-dependent differences between males and females that arise prior to gonad formation.},
  abstract = { <p>Sex disparities in cardiac homeostasis and heart disease are well documented, with differences attributed to actions of sex hormones. However, studies have indicated sex chromosomes act outside of the gonads to function without mediation by gonadal hormones. Here, we performed transcriptional and proteomics profiling to define differences between male and female mouse hearts. We demonstrate, contrary to current dogma, cardiac sex disparities are controlled not only by sex hormones but also through a sex-chromosome mechanism. Using Turner syndrome (XO) and Klinefelter (XXY) models, we find the sex-chromosome pathway is established by X-linked gene dosage. We demonstrate cardiac sex disparities occur at the earliest stages of heart formation, a period before gonad formation. Using these datasets, we identify and define a role for alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), showing loss of A1BG leads to cardiac defects in females, but not males. These studies provide resources for studying sex-biased cardiac disease states.</p> },
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Dev Cell},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {3019-3034.e7},
  month = {2021 Nov 08},
  issn = {1878-1551},
  doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.022},
  language = {eng},
}